Sofia to Madrid Flight Distance
Sofia Airport (SOF) to Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport (MAD)
Primary sources · 6
- [1] Vincenty (1975) — Direct and Inverse Solutions of Geodesics on the Ellipsoid — the iterative formula used for distance · Survey Review XXIII (176), pp. 88–93 · April 1975 https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/inverse.pdf
- [2] NGA.STND.0036_1.0.0_WGS84 — WGS-84 reference ellipsoid (a = 6,378,137 m, 1/f = 298.257223563) · NGA Standard · July 2014 https://earth-info.nga.mil/index.php?dir=wgs84&action=wgs84
- [3] DESNZ 2024 conversion factors — Per-km kg CO₂e factors for the three distance bands and four cabin classes · UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero · June 2024 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2024
- [4] Lee et al. (2021) — Effective radiative forcing of aviation — the science behind the 1.9 × CO₂ → CO₂e uplift · Atmospheric Environment 244, 117834 · January 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117834
- [5] OpenFlights — Airport coordinates and IATA codes · openflights.org/data.php · Community-maintained https://openflights.org/data.php
- [6] Sack (2010) — Jet-lag review — clinical chronobiology and asymmetric recovery rates · New England Journal of Medicine 362:440 · February 2010 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp0909838
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Your Route Summary
What This Means For Your Trip
Flight Duration: At 1,400 miles, this medium-haul flight will take approximately 3h 19m. Consider bringing a book or downloading entertainment for the journey.
Time Adjustment: Madrid is 1 hour behind Sofia. You should experience minimal jet lag.
Environmental Impact: An economy class seat produces approximately 351 kg of CO2. Consider carbon offset programs if environmental impact is a concern.
Flight Options: 3 airlines serve this route, giving you options for schedule and price comparison.
Complete Flight Analysis
| Metric | Value | Category / Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Distance (Miles) | 1,400 mi | Primary frequent flyer unit |
| Distance (Kilometers) | 2,253 km | International standard |
| Distance (Nautical Miles) | 1,217 nm | Aviation standard |
| Flight Time | 3h 19m | Based on 850 km/h cruise + ground time |
| Route Classification | MEDIUM HAUL | Medium-haul flight (1,500 - 4,000 km) |
| Flight Direction | 273° W | West |
| Cruising Altitude | 37,000 ft | FL370 (11,278 m) |
| Time Difference | -1h | Jet lag: none |
| CO2 (Economy) | 351 kg | DEFRA 2024 factors |
| CO2 (Business) | 1019 kg | 2.9x economy |
| CO2 (First Class) | 1406 kg | 4x economy |
| Trees to Offset | 32 | Economy class, per passenger |
| Fuel per Passenger | 68 L | ~12,240 L total (180 pax) |
| Operating Airlines | 3 | Direct flights available |
Tips for This Route
Sofia Airport
Sofia, Bulgaria
Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport
Madrid, Spain
Airlines Flying This Route
3 airlines operate flights between Sofia and Madrid.
Flight Details
Flight Midpoint
The geographic midpoint of this flight is located at:
Carbon Emissions by Cabin Class
CO2 emissions vary by cabin class due to seat space allocation. Based on DEFRA 2024 emission factors.
Jet Lag & Travel Tips
- Minimal time difference - jet lag unlikely
Seat Recommendations
Distance in Perspective
Distance & Speed Reference
| Measurement | Value |
|---|---|
| Statute Miles | 1,400 mi |
| Kilometers | 2,253 km |
| Nautical Miles | 1,217 nm |
| Meters | 2,253,000 m |
| Feet | 7,392,000 ft |
| Flight Time (850 km/h) | 3h 19m |
| Driving Time (80 km/h avg) | 4 days (28 hours) |
Travel Speed Comparison
How long would it take to cover the 2,253 km between Sofia and Madrid at different speeds?
| Mode | Speed | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Commercial Jet | 850 km/h | 3h 19m |
| Turboprop Aircraft | 500 km/h | 4h 30m |
| Bullet Train | 320 km/h | 7h 2m |
| Car (highway) | 100 km/h | 22h 32m |
| Walking | 5 km/h | 451h (19 days) |
| Speed of Sound | 1,235 km/h | 1h 49m |
Round Trip Summary
Quick Facts
Routes from SOF
View all routesFrequently Asked Questions
How far is Sofia from Madrid?
The flight distance from Sofia Airport (SOF) to Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport (MAD) is 1,400 miles (2,253 km). This is the great circle distance calculated using the Vincenty formula.
How long is the flight?
A direct flight takes approximately 3h 19m. This is a medium-haul flight typically cruising at 37,000 feet (FL370).
What is the time difference?
Madrid is 1 hour behind Sofia.
What airlines fly this route?
3 airlines operate this route: Bulgaria Air, Iberia Airlines, Wizz Air.
What is the carbon footprint?
Economy class: 351 kg CO2 per passenger. Business class: 1019 kg. First class: 1406 kg. Offset with ~32 trees.
Which seat side is best?
For this West flight, the right side offers the best views away from sun glare.
Can I drive from Sofia to Madrid instead of flying?
While driving is technically possible at 2,253 km, it would take approximately 28 hours of non-stop driving. Flying saves you significant time, reducing travel to just 3h 19m.
What aircraft typically fly this route?
This medium-haul route is typically served by Airbus A321, Boeing 737 MAX, Airbus A320neo aircraft. A mix of narrow-body and wide-body aircraft may operate this route depending on demand.
How can I offset the carbon from this flight?
An economy class seat on this route produces 351 kg CO2. You can offset this by planting approximately 32 trees, purchasing verified carbon credits through programs like Gold Standard or Verra, or supporting renewable energy projects. Many airlines also offer built-in carbon offset options during booking.
External Resources & References
Learn more about the airports, aviation data, and carbon emissions methodology used in this calculation.